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Look at these
 delicious baked goods.

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They're all quite different.

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But they're made from the
same basic ingredients:

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flour, eggs and yeast.

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The solar system is like that.

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We really have just
a few elements.

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But they're mixed
together in all these

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different and extraordinary ways

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so that we end up with all the
planets in the solar system.

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So, how does Jupiter
help us learn

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how this mixture came to be?

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(♪)

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This is Jupiter.

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Uh, well, it's not Jupiter,
it's a model of Jupiter.

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See, Jupiter is huge.

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Jupiter is big--big--bigly,
gigantically, enormously huge.

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Jupiter is bigger than

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all of the other planets in
the solar system, combined.

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Jupiter probably formed first.

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And it's got an enormous
amount of gravity.

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And that gravity
flung all the elements

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of the solar system
all over the place.

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I mean we're talking
about carbon,

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and nitrogen,
hydrogen, and oxygen.

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Hydrogen and oxygen,
that's water.

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All the water got flung
around the solar system

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by Jupiter's gravity.

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Now this is what
we call diffusion.

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Diffusion is from old words
that mean "to pour out."

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And you can do some
diffusion yourself.

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Here is room temperature
water in this jar

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and cool water, which we've
dyed blue, in this jar.

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Now when something is cool,

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its molecules are
moving more slowly.

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And they're packed
closer together.

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So the blue water
is a little heavier

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than the room temperature water.

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Watch what happens when we
pull this slippery card out.

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(drumroll)

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Nothing happens.
(crickets chirping)

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They stay right in position.

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But here, dyed red,
I have warm water.

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Its molecules
are moving faster,

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and they're pushed
farther apart.

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So there's actually just
a tiny bit less water

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down here than up here.

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This water is denser.

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So when I pull
this card out,

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the warm water is
going to diffuse

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into the room
temperature water.

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(drumroll)

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(impressed exclamations)

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Look how fast it happens.

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Gravity is driving the cool,
room temperature water down

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which is forcing the
warm, red-dyed water up.

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Diffusion is driven
here by gravity.

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(impressed exclamations)

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Now Jupiter and the
solar system's a little

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over 4 1/2 billion years old.

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So that was enough time
for Jupiter's gravity

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to diffuse all of the elements
all over the solar system.

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All the stuff that
you and I are made of

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got here on earth because
of the enormous gravity

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of this enormous
planet diffusing us